The belief in hellish pits, the practice of praying to an invisible entity and a so-called escapist mentality that anticipates a life in heaven have inspired several prominent African-Americans to doubt religion -- and God.
Pictured on the AAH ads, alongside contemporary African-American freethinkers, are the images of writer-anthropologist, Zora Neale Hurston, poet-activist Langston Hughes and abolitionist-publisher Frederick Douglass, all supposed religious skeptics and humanists.
But the debate is still out on the spiritual beliefs of Frederick Douglass, an ordained African Methodist Episcopalian minister who wrote: "I prayed for twenty years on my knees but received no answer until I prayed with my legs."




